MEMORIAL OF SAINT PETER CLAVER, PRIEST – 9th SEPTEMBER

MEMORIAL OF SAINT PETER CLAVER, PRIEST
FEAST DAY – 9th SEPTEMBER

Peter Claver, SJ (26 June 1580 – 8 September 1654) was a Spanish Jesuit priest and missionary born in Verdú (Catalonia, Spain) who, due to his life and work, became the patron saint of slaves, the Republic of Colombia, and ministry to African Americans. During the 40 years of his ministry in the New Kingdom of Granada, it is estimated he personally baptized around 300,000 people and heard the confessions of over 5,000 slaves per year.

He is also patron saint for seafarers. He is considered a heroic example of what should be the Christian praxis of love and of the exercise of human rights. The Congress of the Republic of Colombia declared September 9 as the Human Rights national Day in his honor. Claver was born in 1580 into a devoutly Catholic and prosperous farming family in the Catalan village of Verdú, Urgell, located in the Province of Lleida, about 54 miles (87 km) from Barcelona.

He was born 70 years after King Ferdinand of Spain set the colonial slavery culture into motion by authorizing the purchase of 250 African slaves in Lisbon for his territories in New Spain. Later, as a student at the University of Barcelona, Claver was noted for his intelligence and piety.

After two years of study there, Claver wrote these words in the notebook he kept throughout his life: “I must dedicate myself to the service of God until death, on the understanding that I am like a slave.” After he had completed his studies, Claver entered the Society of Jesus in Tarragona at the age of 20. When he had completed the novitiate, he was sent to study philosophy at Palma, Mallorca.

While there, he came to know the porter of the college, St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a laybrother known for his holiness and gift of prophecy. Rodriguez felt that he had been told by God that Claver was to spend his life in service in the colonies of New Spain, and he frequently urged the young student to accept that calling.

Claver volunteered for the Spanish colonies and was sent to the New Kingdom of Granada, where he arrived in the port city of Cartagena in 1610. Required to spend six years studying theology before being ordained a priest, he lived in Jesuit houses at Tunja and Bogotá. During those preparatory years, he was deeply disturbed by the harsh treatment and living conditions of black slaves who were brought from Africa.

By this time, the slave trade had been established in the Americas for about a century. Local natives were considered physically ill-suited to work in the gold and silver mines. Mine owners met their labor requirements by importing blacks from Angola and Congo, whom they purchased in West Africa for four crowns a head or bartered for goods and sold in America for an average two hundred crowns apiece.

Others were captured at random, especially able-bodied males and females deemed suitable for labor. Cartagena was a slave-trading hub and 10,000 slaves poured into the port yearly, crossing the Atlantic from West Africa under conditions so foul that an estimated one-third died in transit.

Although the slave trade was condemned by Pope Paul III and Urban VIII had issued a papal decree prohibiting slavery, (later called “supreme villainy” by Pope Pius IX), it was a lucrative business and continued to flourish. Claver’s predecessor in his eventual lifelong mission, Alonso de Sandoval, was his mentor and inspiration.

Sandoval devoted himself to serving the slaves for 40 years before Claver arrived to continue his work. Sandoval attempted to learn about their customs and languages; he was so successful that, when he returned to Seville, he wrote a book in 1627 about the nature, customs, rites and beliefs of the Africans. Sandoval found Claver an apt pupil.

When he was solemnly professed in 1622, Claver signed his final profession document in Latin as: Petrus Claver, aethiopum semper servus (Peter Claver, servant of the Ethiopians). Whereas Sandoval had visited the slaves where they worked, Claver preferred to head for the wharf as soon as a slave ship entered the port. Boarding the ship, he entered the filthy and diseased holds to treat and minister to their badly treated, terrified human cargo, who had survived a voyage of several months under horrible conditions.

It was difficult to move around on the ships, because the slave traffickers filled them to capacity. The slaves were often told they were being taken to a land where they would be eaten. Claver wore a cloak, which he would lend to anyone in need. A legend arose that whoever wore the cloak received lifetime health and was cured of all disease.

After the slaves were herded from the ship and penned in nearby yards to be scrutinized by crowds of buyers, Claver joined them with medicine, food, bread, lemons. With the help of interpreters and pictures which he carried with him, he gave basic instructions. Claver saw the slaves as fellow Christians, encouraging others to do so as well.

During the season when slavers were not accustomed to arrive, he traversed the country, visiting plantation after plantation, to give spiritual consolation to the slaves. During his 40 years of ministry it is estimated that he personally catechized and baptized 300,000 slaves. He would then follow up on them to ensure that as Christians they received their Christian and civil rights.

His mission extended beyond caring for slaves, however. He preached in the city square, to sailors and traders and conducted country missions, returning every spring to visit those he had baptized, ensuring that they were treated humanely. During these missions, whenever possible he avoided the hospitality of planters and overseers, lodging instead, in the slave quarters.

Claver’s work on behalf of slaves did not prevent him from ministering to the souls of well-to-do members of society, traders and visitors to Cartagena (including Muslims and English Protestants) and condemned criminals, many of whom he spiritually prepared for death; he was also a frequent visitor at the city’s hospitals.

Through years of unremitting toil and the force of his own unique personality, the slaves’ situation slowly improved. In time he became a moral force, the Apostle of Cartagena. In the last years of his life Peter was too ill to leave his room. He lingered for four years, largely forgotten and neglected, physically abused and starved by an ex-slave who had been hired by the Superior of the house to care for him.

He never complained about his treatment, accepting it as a just punishment for his sins. He died on 8 September 1654. When the news of his death spread throughout Cartagena many came to his room to pay their last respects. Such was his reputation for holiness that the room was stripped bare of anything that might serve as a relic.

The city magistrates, who had previously considered him a nuisance for his persistent advocacy on behalf of the slaves, ordered a public funeral and he was buried with pomp and ceremony. The scope of Claver’s ministry, which was prodigious even before considering the astronomical number of people he baptized, came to be realized only after his death.

He was canonized in 1888 by Pope Leo XIII, along with the holy Jesuit porter, Alphonsus Rodriguez. In 1896 Pope Leo also declared Claver the patron of missionary work among all African peoples. His body is preserved and venerated in the church of the Jesuit residence, now renamed in his honor.

CONTEMPLATING THE LIFE OF SAINT PETER CLAVER SJ, PRIEST – THE SAINT WHO CALLED HIMSELF “SLAVE OF THE SLAVES”

A YOUNG JESUIT AND AN OLD DOORKEEPER

Peter Claver was born in Catalonia, Spain, and entered the Jesuits with a deep desire to serve God. During his formation in Mallorca, he met St. Alphonsus Rodriguez, a humble Jesuit doorkeeper who recognized Peter’s missionary calling and encouraged him to go to the New World, where many souls were waiting for him. Peter never forgot those words.

THE NEW WORLD AND ITS DARKNESS

In the Americas, European prosperity was built largely on the suffering of enslaved Africans. They were transported across the Atlantic in terrible conditions, suffering hunger, disease, overcrowding and death. Those who survived were sold in places such as Cartagena, Colombia, and forced into brutal labour on plantations, in mines, ports and construction.

THE ARRIVAL OF A DIFFERENT KIND OF MISSIONARY

Peter Claver arrived in Cartagena and encountered the horrifying reality of the slave trade. Whenever ships arrived, he went aboard with food, medicine, water, clothing and compassion. He washed wounds, cared for the sick and comforted the frightened. He learned African languages so that he could speak to the enslaved directly and assure them that they were beloved children of God and his brothers and sisters.

He challenged the cruelty and prejudice around him by treating every enslaved person with dignity. He signed his letters, “Peter Claver, slave of the slaves forever.”

THE LOGIC OF LOVE AGAINST THE LOGIC OF GREED

While others measured human lives in terms of profit, Peter saw every person as infinitely precious in the eyes of God. He responded to greed with love, cruelty with mercy and indifference with compassionate action. His life proclaimed that no economic system could ever make a human being less worthy of dignity.

RESISTANCE, MOCKERY AND PERSEVERANCE

Peter was mocked and opposed by those who benefited from slavery. Some considered his ministry foolish and others accused him of interfering with their interests. Even when some within the Church hesitated to challenge the powerful, Peter remained faithful. He accepted ridicule and suffering with humility, patience and courage.

FINAL YEARS

After years of devoted service, Peter’s health declined. During his final years he became increasingly infirm and was sometimes neglected, yet he continued to bear his suffering with humility and trust in God. He died in Cartagena on September eighth, sixteen fifty four.

IMPACT AND LEGACY

Peter Claver ministered to countless enslaved Africans, bringing them the Gospel together with practical care and human compassion. Although he could not end the enormous system of slavery, his witness became a powerful testimony to human dignity and God’s mercy.

He was beatified by Pope Pius the Ninth and canonized by Pope Leo the Thirteenth. He was later proclaimed a patron of missionaries to Africa and became a patron saint of Colombia and of ministry to enslaved peoples.

WHY HE STILL MATTERS TODAY

St. Peter Claver remains a powerful witness to human dignity, justice and compassion. He reminds us that faith must be expressed not only through words but through concrete acts of love. His example teaches us that even in the face of powerful systems of injustice, one person can bring hope, restore dignity and challenge cruelty.

His words, “We must speak to them with our hands before we try to speak to them with our lips,” beautifully express his mission. Peter Claver teaches us that the logic of power, profit and cruelty can always be challenged by the Gospel values of dignity, mercy, justice and love.

PRAYER

Heavenly Father, Saint Peter Claver, became an inspiration for us, displaying the unconditional love and the burning light of Christ, and the strength and solace of the Holy Spirit.

We pray that we may, like Saint Peter Clever, dedicate our works of charity and discipline in your honor, in continuation of his work here on earth, in Jesus’ Name. Amen

St. Peter Claver, pray for us.

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